What is Disarming ? Or removal of oncogenes from T-DNA into plant cell. & What is the Common Method of gene trnasfar

What is Disarming ? Or removal of oncogenes from T-DNA into plant cell.

What is the Common Method of gene transfar?

Disarming is the removal of oncogenes from T-DNA and it has resolved many problems. This disarmed plasmid can still transfer its T-DNA into plant cells. But the cells containing this modified T-DNA will be non tumorous, produce opines and generate plantlets. Only the border sequences are necessary for the transfer of any DNA insert placed between them. Thus pTi and pRi which are disarmed are more in use for gene transfer experiments. But in some plants, the efficiency of transformation by disarmed pTi is much lower than the wild type pTi.  Introduction of DNA into plant cells without the involvement of a biological agent like Agrobacterium leading to a stable transformation is known as Direct Gene Transfer. The spontaneous uptake of DNA is quite low.

The various methods those are utilized for direct gene transfer are

1. Chemical methods like PEG, Calcium phosphate
2. Electroporation
3. Particle gun delivery
4. Lipofection
5. Microinjection and Macroinjection