What is Electrophoresis buffer?
Several different buffers have been recommended for electrophoresis of DNA. The most commonly used for duplex DNA are TAE (Tris-acetateEDTA) and TBE (Tris-borate-EDTA). DNA fragments will migrate at somewhat different rates in these two buffers due to differences in ionic strength. Buffers not only establish a pH, but provide ions to support conductivity. If water is used instead of buffer there will be no migration of DNA in the gel and conversely, if concentrated buffer is used like a 10X solution instead of 1X, heat will be generated in the gel which is enough to melt it.
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